Unleashing the Art of Digital Forensics

https://etxflooring.com/2025/04/09t9lmx8fe Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Editors Contributors 1. Data Hiding—Steganography and Steganalysis 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Steganography: Background and Literature Survey 1.2.1 Background 1.2.2 Literature Survey 1.3 Importance of Steganography 1.4 Cryptography vs. Steganography 1.5 Steganographic Techniques: Text, Image, Audio, Video, and Network 1.5.1 Text Steganography 1.5.1.1 Format-Based Methods 1.5.1.2 Random and Statistical Generation 1.5.1.3 Linguistic Steganography 1.5.2 Image Steganography 1.5.2.1 Watermarking 1.5.2.2 Least-Significant Bit Hiding (LSB) 1.5.2.3 Direct Cosine Transformation 1.5.2.4 Direct Wavelet Transform (DWT) Technique 1.5.3 Audio Steganography 1.5.4 Video Steganography 1.5.5 Network Steganography 1.6 Steganalysis: Introduction, Approaches and Tools 1.6.1 Steganalysis and Approaches 1.6.2 Steganalysis Tools 1.7 Steganography Tools and Applications 1.8 Conclusion References 2. International Cyberspace Laws: A Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Compliance Obligations—Standards, Laws, and Regulations 2.3 Information Security Standards 2.3.1 ISO 2.3.2 ISO 2.3.3 NIST SP 800-53 2.3.4 PCI DSS 2.3.5 Service Organization Controls 2.4 Laws and Regulations 2.4.1 EU-GDPR 2.4.1.1 Processor vs. Controller 2.4.1.2 PII—Personally Identifiable Information 2.4.2 CCPA 2.4.3 SOX 2.4.4 FISMA 2.4.5 PIPEDA 2.4.6 HIPAA 2.4.7 Information Technology Act—India 2.5 Conclusion References 3. Unraveling the Dark Web 3.1 Deep Web: The Unknown 3.1.1 How to Access the Deep Web? 3.2 Dark Web—Illegal Dark Web 3.2.1 How to Access the Dark Web? 3.2.2 Onion Routing 3.2.3 Vulnerability in Onion Routing 3.3 Dark Web Currencies 3.4 Illegal Activities on the Dark Web 3.5 Cyber Attacks via the Dark Web 3.5.1 Active Attacks 3.5.2 Passive Attacks 3.6 Social Media and the Dark Web 3.7 Conclusion References 4. Memory Acquisition Process for the Linux and Macintosh Based Operating System Using Open-Source Tool 4.1 Introduction and Literature Survey 4.2 Linux Memory Acquisition Process 4.2.1 Software Acquisition Tools: Linux 4.2.2 Features of Lime 4.2.3 System Information and Specification of Linux-Based Operating System 4.2.4 Methodology for Creating Memory Dump 4.3 Artefacts Available in Macintosh Memory 4.3.1 Macintosh Memory Acquisition Process 4.3.2 Software Acquisition Tools: Macintosh 4.3.3 System Information and Specification of Macintosh-Based Operating System 4.3.4 Methodology for Creating Memory Dump 4.4 Autospy Digital Investigation Analysis Tool 4.5 Conclusion References 5. Deepfakes—A Looming Threat to Our Society 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Typical Fake Video Creation Operations 5.3 Deep Learning-Based Fake Content Creation 5.4 Dangers of Deepfakes 5.4.1 Some Grim Examples 5.5 Deepfake Detection 5.5.1 Deepfake Detection: Current State of Affairs 5.5.2 Deepfake Detection: A Novel Idea 5.6 Conclusion Note References 6. Challenges in Digital Forensics and Future Aspects 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Challenges 6.2.1 Human Factor 6.2.2 Encryption 6.2.3 High Storage Capacity 6.2.4 Anti-forensics 6.2.5 Internet of Things and Smart Wearables 6.2.6 Software Plurality 6.2.7 Cloud Storage 6.2.8 Cryptocurrency 6.3 Future Aspects 6.3.1 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 6.3.2 DFaaS 6.3.3 Open-Source Software 6.4 Conclusion 6.5 Literature Review References 7. Cybercrimes against Women in India: How Can the Law and the Technology Help the Victims? 7.1 Introduction to Women in Cyber World 7.2 Research Gaps 7.3 Research Methodology 7.4 Cybercrimes or Cyber Targeting against Women 7.5 Legislative Approach against Cybercrimes in India 7.6 Cyber Victimization in General and From Female Victims' Perspective 7.7 Issues with Reporting of Cybercrimes against Women in India 7.8 Role of Technology in Preventing and Curing Cybercrimes 7.9 Concluding Remarks and Suggestions References 8. Role of Technology and Prevention of Money Laundering 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Money Laundering: Meaning and Background 8.1.2 The Money Laundering Process 8.1.2.1 Placement Stage 8.1.2.2 Layering Stage 8.1.2.3 Integration Stage 8.1.3 Money Laundering: Common Tactics 8.1.4 Money Laundering: Why It Is a Serious Problem 8.2 Anti-Money Laundering—Review of Literature 8.3 AML Model 8.3.1 The Walker Gravity Model 8.3.2 The RBF Neural Network Model 8.3.3 Social Network Analysis Model 8.4 Emerging Trends in the AML Space 8.4.1 Application of Analytics 8.4.2 Application of Machine Learning and AML 8.4.3 Rule-Based AML Model 8.4.4 Feature-Based Model 8.4.4.1 Rule-Based and Feature-Based Model Workflow 8.4.5 Data-Driven Model 8.4.6 Website and Cyber Analytics-Based Model 8.4.7 Behavioral Analytics-Based Model 8.4.8 Risk-Based Model 8.5 Conclusions References 9. Novel Cryptographic Hashing Technique for Preserving Integrity in Forensic Samples 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Attacks on Cryptography Hash Functions 9.3 Literature Survey 9.4 Problem Statement 9.5 Proposed Work 9.5.1 Design of Proposed Hashing 9.5.2 Algorithm 9.5.3 Implementation of Proposed Work 9.6 Results and Comparisons 9.7 Conclusion and Future Scope References 10. Memory Acquisition and Analysis for Forensic Investigation 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Memory Forensics 10.3 Memory Acquisition 10.3.1 Significance of Memory Acquisition 10.3.2 Case Scenario 10.3.3 Tools for Memory Acquisition 10.3.4 Memory Acquisition Steps Using FTK Imager 10.3.4.1 Steps to Collect RAM (Memory Dump) from a Live System 10.4 Memory Forensics Analysis 10.4.1 Tools for Memory Analysis 10.4.2 Volatility Framework 10.4.3 Volatility Workbench 10.5 Challenges in Live Memory Forensics 10.6 Conclusion References 11. Forensics in Medical Imaging: Techniques and Tools 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Comprehensive Phases for Image Forgery Identification 11.3 Forgery Detection in Medical Imaging 11.3.1 Active Forgery Detection Technique 11.3.1.1 Digital Watermarking 11.3.1.2 Digital Signature 11.3.2 Passive Forgery Detection Technique 11.3.2.1 Image Splicing Technique 11.3.2.2 Image Re-sampling Technique 11.3.2.3 Copy-Move Forgery Technique 11.3.2.4 Compression Technique 11.4 Forensic Approaches and Tools 11.5 Comparative Analysis 11.6 Conclusion References 12. Exploring Face Detection and Recognition in Steganography 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Face Detection Using Viola-Jones Algorithm 12.1.2 Face Recognition 12.1.3 Steganography Methods 12.1.4 Face Detection and Recognition in Steganography 12.2 Literature Review 12.2.1 Papers on Face Detection Methods 12.2.2 Papers on Face Recognition Methods 12.2.3 Papers on Face Detection and Recognition in Combination with Steganography Methods 12.3 Challenges 12.3.1 Challenges with Face Detection and Recognition Methods 12.3.2 Challenges with Steganography Methods 12.3.3 Challenges in Steganography with Face Detection and Recognition Method 12.4 Expected Resolutions 12.5 Performance Measure of Steganography Techniques with Face Detection and Recognition 12.6 Conclusion References 13. Authentication and Admissibility of Forensic Evidence under Indian Criminal Justice Delivery System: An Analysis 13.1 Introduction to Forensic Evidence and Criminal Investigation 13.1.1 Forensic Evidence 13.1.2 Criminal Investigation 13.2 Significance of Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation 13.3 Overview of Historical Development of Forensic Science as Recorded by Hebrard and Daoust 13.4 Status of Forensic Investigative Facilities in India 13.5 Defining Evidence 13.6 Authentication of Evidence: The Chain of Custody 13.7 Admissibility of Evidence 13.8 Procedural and Substantive Provisions Encouraging Application of Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation 13.9 Legal Constraints While Applying Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation 13.10 Conclusion and Suggestions References Index