Rotating Equipment: Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Length: 218 pages
Edition: 1
Language: English
Publisher: Momentum Press
Publication Date: 2019-03-05
ISBN-10: 1947083724
ISBN-13: 9781947083721
Sales Rank: #13898132 (See Top 100 Books)

Rotating Equipment: Maintenance and Troubleshooting has been written on the back of Dr. Watterson’s experience in working with over 20 oil refineries and petrochemical and fertilizer industries worldwide, which spans over 30 years. Every aspect of rotating equipment is explored, from turbines, both gas and steam, compressors, pumps to the use of predictive maintenance equipment.

Included in this book is an in-depth explanation of predictive maintenance techniques, such as ultrasound testing, eddy curves, visual testing techniques, such as stroboscope, liquid penetrant, and vibration monitoring. Dr. Watterson also describes clearly the value of online condition-based monitoring of rotating equipment. The primary objective of this book is to show the way to reduce cost and frequency of planned maintenance by detection of abnormalities on equipment’s operating and preset performance parameters.

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Pumps
    Pumps—Reciprocating and Centrifugal
        Power Pumps
        Characteristics
        Materials of Construction
        Valves
        Capacity Control
        Power Pumps
        Diaphragm Pumps
        Characteristics
        Materials of Construction
        Control of Capacity
        Typical Applications
        Advantages
        Disadvantages
    Rotary Pumps
        Principle
        Characteristics
        Materials of Construction
    Rotary Pumps
        Gear Pumps
            Spur Gear Pump
            Herringbone Gear Pump
            Internal Gear Pump
            Lobe Pumps
            Sliding Vane Pumps
            Screw Pumps
            Helical Pumps
        Typical Applications
        Advantages
        Disadvantages
    Simple Pumping Action of Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pumps
    Piston and Plunger Variety
        Pumping Action
        Piston and Plunger Packing
    Piston/Plunger Pumps—Variable Displacement Devices
        Lost Motion
        Variable Crank Throws
        Stroke Transformers
        Pulsation Dampers and Suction Stabilizers
    Pump Operation—Protection Devices
        Bypasses and Relief Valves
    Positive Displacement Pump’s Valves
        Cylinder Valves
        The Ball Valve
        The Disc Valve
        Bowl Valves
        Turret Assemblies (Figure 1.34)
    Pistons, Piston Rings, and Plungers
    Lubrication of Positive Displacement Pump Bearings and Parts
    Troubleshooting List for Rotary Pumps
    Troubleshooting List for Reciprocating Pumps
    Pumps and Pumping
    Centrifugal Pumps or Rotodynamic Pumps
        Pump Losses
    Centrifugal Pumps are Kinetic Pumps
    Components of Centrifugal Pumps
        Impeller
        Casing
        Shaft
        Shaft Sleeve
        Wear Rings
        Stuffing Box (Packing Box)
    Wearing Rings and Balancing of Single-stage Pumps
        Balancing
    Terminology
        Head
        Vapor and Vapor Pressure
        Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
        NPSH Available
        NPSH Required
        Cavitation
        Reduction of Cavitation
        Cavitation Can Be Eliminated/Reduced By
        Vapor Lock
        Friction Head
        Efficiency
    Multistage Pumps
    Balancing of Multistage Pumps
        Balancing Disc
        Balancing Drums or Pistons
    Construction of Centrifugal Pumps
        Types of Impeller
        Types of Pump Casing
        Radial Thrust
        Diffuser Type Pump Casings
    Pump Case Sealing
        Packing Seals
        Packing Materials
        Installation of Packing
    Bearings
    Maintenance of Centrifugal Pumps
        Checking Impeller Wearing Rings
        Checking Casing Wearing Rings
        Repair and Replacement of Casing and Impeller Wearing Rings
        Checking the Shaft
        Straightening a Shaft (Not for Close-coupled Types)
        Final Checkup before Assembling Multistage Pumps
    Recommended Clearances for Centrifugal Pumps
        Between Shaft Sleeve and Bushing
        Between Impeller Wearing Ring and Casing Wearing Ring
        Use of the Graph
    Operation of Centrifugal Pumps
Chapter 2 Mechanical Seals
    Unbalanced and Balanced Mechanical Seals
    Balanced Seals
    Special Seals
    Quenching
    Flushing
    Double Seals
    Back-to-Back Arrangement
    Tandem Arrangement
    Dry Gas Seals—(Compressors)
    Seals—Common Causes of Failure
        Mechanical Conditions
        Hydraulic Conditions
    Troubleshooting Mechanical Seals
    Abrasives
    Incorrect Lapping
    Cokes Buildup
    Excessive Wear/Overloading
    Cracked and Chipped Faces
    Heat Cracks or Heat Checks
        Rectification
    Extreme Wear of Soft Faces
    Corrosion
    Slipstick
    Freezing and/or Sticking of Faces
    Deformation of Faces (Due to Temperature and/or Pressure)
    Blistering
    Vibration
    Cavitation
    Possible Leakage Paths from a Standard Balanced Seal
Chapter 3 Bearings—Journal—Thrust—Rolling Element and Failure Patterns
    Function of a Bearing
    Load Bearing and Performance Capacities
    Bearing Friction
    Journal Bearings
    Bearing Design
    Geometries
    Plain Bearing
    Lemon Bore
    Pressure Dam
    Tilting Pad
    Rolling Element Bearings
    Rigid Ball Journal Bearing (Single Row)
    Rigid Ball Journal Bearing (Double Row)
    Self-aligning Ball Bearings (Double Row)
    Angular Contact Bearings (Paired)
    Rigid Roller Journal Bearings
    Needle Roller Bearings
    Taper Roller Bearings
    Thrust Bearings (Ball Thrust Bearings)
    Snap Rings
    Shield and Sealed Bearings
    Builtin Seals
    Creep in Standard Bearings
    Creep in Location Bearings
    Installation of Bearings
    Methods of Fitting Bearings
    Expanding the Bearing
    Freezing the Bearing
    Removal of Bearings
    By Grinding
    Bearing Housing Sealing Methods
    Noncontact Seals
    Contact Seals
    Lip Seals
    V-Ring Seals
    Combination Seals
    Bearing Lubrication
    Rolling Element Bearings
        Classification of Failures
        Metallurgical Factors and Manufacture
        Poor Assembly
            Misalignment
        Poor Assembly
            Dirt in the Lubricant
        Fatigue Cracks and Pits
        Fretting and False Brineling
        Corrosion
            Contact Staining
            General Corrosion
        Inadequate Lubrication
        Electrical Discharge
    Picture Gallery of Rolling Element Bearing Failures
    Legend for Rolling Element Bearing Faults Picture Gallery
    Metallurgical Aspects of Plain Bearing Failures
    Bearing Operation
    Bearing Properties
    Bearing Materials
        White Metals
        Copper–Lead Alloys
    Overlays
    Bearing Failures
        Metallurgical Defects
    Installation and Operation
    Bearing Failures—Summary
    Picture Gallery of Plain Bearing Failures
About the Author
Index