Programming C# 10: Build Cloud, Web, and Desktop Applications

Buy Carisoprodol Cod Preface Who This Book Is For Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples O’Reilly Online Learning How to Contact Us Acknowledgments 1. Introducing C# Why C#? Managed Code and the CLR C# Prefers Generality to Specialization C# Standards and Implementations Many .NETs Release Cycles and Long Term Support Target Multiple .NET Versions with .NET Standard Visual Studio, Visual Studio Code, and JetBrains Rider Anatomy of a Simple Program Writing a Unit Test Namespaces Classes Unit Tests Summary 2. Basic Coding in C# Local Variables Scope Variable Name Ambiguity Local Variable Instances Statements and Expressions Statements Expressions Comments and Whitespace Preprocessing Directives Compilation Symbols #error and #warning #line #pragma #nullable #region and #endregion Fundamental Data Types Numeric Types Booleans Strings and Characters Tuples Dynamic Object Operators Flow Control Boolean Decisions with if Statements Multiple Choice with switch Statements Loops: while and do C-Style for Loops Collection Iteration with foreach Loops Patterns Combining and Negating Patterns Relational Patterns Getting More Specific with when Patterns in Expressions Summary 3. Types Classes Static Members Static Classes Records References and Nulls Banishing Null with Non-Nullable References Structs When to Write a Value Type Guaranteeing Immutability Record Structs Class, Structs, Records, or Tuples? Members Accessibility Fields Constructors Deconstructors Methods Properties Operators Events Nested Types Interfaces Default Interface Implementation Enums Other Types Anonymous Types Partial Types and Methods Summary 4. Generics Generic Types Constraints Type Constraints Reference Type Constraints Value Type Constraints Value Types All the Way Down with Unmanaged Constraints Not Null Constraints Other Special Type Constraints Multiple Constraints Zero-Like Values Generic Methods Type Inference Generics and Tuples Inside Generics Summary 5. Collections Arrays Array Initialization Searching and Sorting Multidimensional Arrays Copying and Resizing List<T> List and Sequence Interfaces Implementing Lists and Sequences Implementing IEnumerable<T> with Iterators Collection<T> ReadOnlyCollection<T> Addressing Elements with Index and Range Syntax System.Index System.Range Supporting Index and Range in Your Own Types Dictionaries Sorted Dictionaries Sets Queues and Stacks Linked Lists Concurrent Collections Immutable Collections Summary 6. Inheritance Inheritance and Conversions Interface Inheritance Generics Covariance and Contravariance System.Object The Ubiquitous Methods of System.Object Accessibility and Inheritance Virtual Methods Abstract Methods Inheritance and Library Versioning Sealed Methods and Classes Accessing Base Members Inheritance and Construction Record Types Records, Inheritance, and the with Keyword Special Base Types Summary 7. Object Lifetime Garbage Collection Determining Reachability Accidentally Defeating the Garbage Collector Weak References Reclaiming Memory Garbage Collector Modes Temporarily Suspending Garbage Collections Accidentally Defeating Compaction Forcing Garbage Collections Destructors and Finalization IDisposable Optional Disposal Boxing Boxing Nullable<T> Summary 8. Exceptions Exception Sources Exceptions from APIs Failures Detected by the Runtime Handling Exceptions Exception Objects Multiple catch Blocks Exception Filters Nested try Blocks finally Blocks Throwing Exceptions Rethrowing Exceptions Failing Fast Exception Types Custom Exceptions Unhandled Exceptions Summary 9. Delegates, Lambdas, and Events Delegate Types Creating a Delegate Multicast Delegates Invoking a Delegate Common Delegate Types Type Compatibility Behind the Syntax Anonymous Functions Captured Variables Lambdas and Expression Trees Events Standard Event Delegate Pattern Custom Add and Remove Methods Events and the Garbage Collector Events Versus Delegates Delegates Versus Interfaces Summary 10. LINQ Query Expressions How Query Expressions Expand Supporting Query Expressions Deferred Evaluation LINQ, Generics, and IQueryable<T> Standard LINQ Operators Filtering Select SelectMany Chunking Ordering Containment Tests Specific Items and Subranges Aggregation Set Operations Whole-Sequence, Order-Preserving Operations Grouping Joins Conversion Sequence Generation Other LINQ Implementations Entity Framework Core Parallel LINQ (PLINQ) LINQ to XML IAsyncEnumerable<T> Reactive Extensions Summary 11. Reactive Extensions Fundamental Interfaces IObserver<T> IObservable<T> Publishing and Subscribing with Delegates Creating an Observable Source with Delegates Subscribing to an Observable Source with Delegates Sequence Builders Empty Never Return Throw Range Repeat Generate LINQ Queries Grouping Operators Join Operators SelectMany Operator Aggregation and Other Single-Value Operators Concat Operator Rx Query Operators Merge Windowing Operators The Scan Operator The Amb Operator DistinctUntilChanged Schedulers Specifying Schedulers Built-in Schedulers Subjects Subject<T> BehaviorSubject<T> ReplaySubject<T> AsyncSubject<T> Adaptation IEnumerable<T> and IAsyncEnumerable<T> .NET Events Asynchronous APIs Timed Operations Interval Timer Timestamp TimeInterval Throttle Sample Timeout Windowing Operators Delay DelaySubscription Reaqtor—Rx as a Service Summary 12. Assemblies Anatomy of an Assembly .NET Metadata Resources Multifile Assemblies Other PE Features Type Identity Loading Assemblies Assembly Resolution Explicit Loading Isolation and Plug-ins with AssemblyLoadContext Assembly Names Strong Names Version Version Numbers and Assembly Loading Culture Protection Target Frameworks and .NET Standard Summary 13. Reflection Reflection Types Assembly Module MemberInfo Type and TypeInfo MethodBase, ConstructorInfo, and MethodInfo ParameterInfo FieldInfo PropertyInfo EventInfo Reflection Contexts Summary 14. Attributes Applying Attributes Attribute Targets Compiler-Handled Attributes CLR-Handled Attributes Defining and Consuming Attributes Attribute Types Retrieving Attributes Metadata-Only Load Summary 15. Files and Streams The Stream Class Position and Seeking Flushing Copying Length Disposal Asynchronous Operation Concrete Stream Types One Type, Many Behaviors Random Access and Scatter/Gather I/O Without Stream Text-Oriented Types TextReader and TextWriter Concrete Reader and Writer Types Encoding Files and Directories FileStream Class File Class Directory Class Path Class FileInfo, DirectoryInfo, and FileSystemInfo Known Folders Serialization BinaryReader, BinaryWriter, and BinaryPrimitives CLR Serialization JSON Summary 16. Multithreading Threads Threads, Variables, and Shared State Thread-Local Storage The Thread Class The Thread Pool Thread Affinity and SynchronizationContext ExecutionContext Synchronization Monitors and the lock Keyword SpinLock Reader/Writer Locks Event Objects Barrier CountdownEvent Semaphores Mutex Interlocked Lazy Initialization Other Class Library Concurrency Support Tasks The Task and Task<T> Classes Continuations Schedulers Error Handling Custom Threadless Tasks Parent/Child Relationships Composite Tasks Other Asynchronous Patterns Cancellation Parallelism The Parallel Class Parallel LINQ TPL Dataflow Summary 17. Asynchronous Language Features Asynchronous Keywords: async and await Execution and Synchronization Contexts Multiple Operations and Loops Returning a Task Applying async to Nested Methods The await Pattern Error Handling Validating Arguments Singular and Multiple Exceptions Concurrent Operations and Missed Exceptions Summary 18. Memory Efficiency (Don’t) Copy That Representing Sequential Elements with Span<T> Utility Methods Stack Only Representing Sequential Elements with Memory<T> ReadOnlySequence<T> Processing Data Streams with Pipelines Processing JSON in ASP.NET Core Summary Index About the Author